Cimi-Shield is sprayed from a pump sprayer. It "mechanically" removes the waxy layer, which causes the internal fluid in the bed bug to evaporate in just a few minutes. Barrel-shaped porous carriers are incorporated in the formula to provide for residual. These jagged edged porous carriers become enmeshed in fabrics and textiles (and cracks and crevices). When nymphs or adults are re-introduced, they disturb the porous carriers which causes the active to spill out which causes the kill. This process is effective against all known strains of bed bugs. Because this is a mechanical process, there is no known resistance to Cimi-Shield